Vector network analyzer

An instrument that measures S-parameters in the frequency domain. The one with only gain is called scalar type, and the one with gain and phase is called vector type. In recent years, the vector type is mainstream.
In addition, 2 ports is the minimum, but multi-port (4 ports or more) is becoming more and more compatible with mixed-mode S-parameter measurement. It is becoming common to extend the ports further and evaluate multiple transmission paths. It is also indispensable equipment for evaluating connectors that support high-speed transmission.